Business and society. Critically analyze Joel Bakans argument in the Essay

Business and society. Fundamentally break down Joel Bakans contention in the book The Corporation - Essay Example by organizations incorporate contaminating and harming the earth, making individuals work like slaves by broadening negligible wages, conniving with non-equitable and degenerate state governments to control things in their manner, utilizing mafia to quietness the voices of restriction. Bakan proceeds to propose a scope of changes that could reestablish the genuine force back to the individuals. In The Corporation, Bakan presents companies as the instruments of malice and debasement, which could be subdued and controlled by seeking after a scope of changes. In the Chapter One, Bakan proceeds to expand on the birthplaces of the company in a chronicled point of view. The pith of Bakan’s contention is that in the desire for creating open framework, the countries like the US and the UK permitted the partnerships to possess least obligation while carrying on their work. This intensity of least obligation stretched out to the organizations was additionally secured by getting the laws that upheld and ensured partnerships. At a neighborhood level, the state governments and the official courtrooms upheld and made legitimate instruments that secured organizations, to pull in corporate speculation. With the progression of time, these companies developed into natural ideas that applied huge and wild control over the investors and the majority. Plus, the detachment of proprietorship and control by stretching out offers to the investors permitted the organizations to carry on their business with significantly less control and restriction. The constrained risk conceded to the partnership was secured by the law, yet in addition streamed out of the gigantic riches claimed by the companies. Bit by bit, organizations developed into self supporting substances, which had the ability to impact the general public, however were free of the general public in their working. In Chapter Two to Five, Bakan disentangles the damage caused to the general public by the enterprises as natural contamination, misuse of the work and control of the laws

The Characters of For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls Essay -- For Whom

The Characters of For Whom the Southern Belle Tollsâ â Â â For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls is Christopher Durang's clever 1994 satire of The Glass Menagerie, a 1945 play by Tennessee Williams. In the two plays, the primary characters must arrangement with a few significant issues, including segregation, dread of the outside world, and the requirement for comprehension. Though the characters in The Glass Menagerie handle their issues in a generally genuine way, those in For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls adopt an increasingly absurd strategy. For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls offers a substitute perspective on the circumstances in The Glass Menagerie, and it remarks on how the American culture has changed since the 1940s. Durang's farce achieves its silliness by creating outrageous adaptations of the characters in The Glass Menagerie through amplification of their issues and eccentricities: Laura's modesty toward the world, Amanda's absence of comprehension for her kids, Tom's annoyance with his family, and Jim's halfway deafness (any way minor in Williams' play). It is increasingly hard to feel for Lawrence in For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls than with Laura in The Glass Menagerie since he is quite a lot more bothering and terrible than his female partner. Laura is a young lady who experiences extraordinary bashfulness and hesitance since she has a somewhat distorted leg and necessities to wear a leg support; therefore, she is reluctant to converse with new individuals and enter new circumstances. Laura's mental issues are enhanced in Lawrence, who fakes a few sicknesses, including asthma, dermatitis, and an injured leg. He never goes out, and his lone companions are his glass swizzle sticks, which he gives such names as Q-tip (1942), Ther... ...children's; moreover, Durang includes two gay characters: Tom and Ginny. This is proof that For Whom the Belle Tolls accomplishes something beyond give a diverting way to deal with the circumstances in The Glass Menagerie: it shows how the American culture and family have changed since Williams composed his play. As per Durang, individuals have gotten increasingly open with their own emotions and sexuality, yet they have additionally become progressively egotistical. Works Cited Durang, Christopher. For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls. Writing and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Eds. Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997. 1937-1948. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Eds. Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997. 1704-1750. Â Â

Sanders, Bernie

Sanders, Bernie Sanders, Bernie (Bernard Sanders), 1941â€", American politician, b. Brooklyn, N.Y. The son of Jewish immigrants from Poland, he spent a year at Brooklyn College and graduated from the Univ. of Chicago (B.A., 1964). He moved to Vermont in 1964. A sometime journalist, carpenter, writer, and filmmaker, he taught at Harvard (1989) and Hamilton College (1989â€"90). Sanders, a self-described democratic socialist, ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in the early 1970s and for Vermont governor in 1972, 1976, and 1986. First elected mayor of Burlington in 1980, he proved to be popular and effective. In 1990 he was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, becoming the first socialist to serve in that body since the 1920s. Officially considered an independent, Sanders was elected (2006, 2012) to the Senate, where he has generally espoused liberal and progressive positions while assiduously avoiding the label of Democrat. In 2015, however, he became a candidate for the 2016 Democr atic presidential nomination, mounting a long, vigorous, but ultimately losing campaign against Hillary Clinton . See his Outsider in the House (1997); studies by G. Guma (1989), W. J. Conroy (1990), S. Soifer (1991), and S. Rosenfeld (1992). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Current State of the United States Economy Essay

The news mediums, television, radio, print, or social media give information 24-hours a day regarding the economy. Individuals are not so sure about the reports issued on almost an hourly basis that are stating the economy of United States is improving. Many Americans are still without jobs, and do not believe their income can continue to support their families. The cost of purchasing a home is going up in many areas across the country, which is good for the market, but can be bad for the first time homebuyer. Unemployment, expectations, consumer income, interest rates are economic factors that influence individuals behavior and the United States fiscal policy. The following gives examples of the aforementioned factors current†¦show more content†¦While nonfarm and farm investments, final sales of domestic product, real domestic income, and corporation show an increase people are suspicious if the United States is coming out of the recession. Economists predict individuals will continue to increase spending on nondurable and durable goods, but when it comes to services the population is hesitant from the result of the downturn in the housing. In 2014, economist, predict the housing market will recover, and the interest rates will gradually go up increasing the money in the pockets of the consumers. There are many predictions to what approach the government should take to recover the housing market, but ultimately it will be important for the government leaders to prove they can react quickly if any plan backfires. In 2014, many are predicting the housing market to recover and interest rates gradually go up, putting more money in the pockets of the consumers, but this act can also halt any growth in the housing market. There are many predictions to what approach the government should take, but if the economy starts declining, will the government be resilient and adaptable to change course and continue to grow the economy. Consumer income Consumer income can be defined as the income that is left over after taxes, and living expenses are met. This money can also be classified as disposable income, and companies areShow MoreRelatedCurrent Economic Conditions Of The United States Economy1963 Words   |  8 PagesCurrent Economic Conditions †¢ As previously stated in the executive summary, the United States’ economy is currently stagnating. From week to week we may see a rise in one indicator while there is a fall in another indicator, but none of the rises or falls are drastic enough to have an overwhelming impact on the economy as a whole. Although the economy is not near as strong as it was before the 2008-2009 recession, arguably one of the biggest economic crises of the past decade, there has beenRead MoreUnited States Trade Policy: Current and Future Role in a Global Economy2523 Words   |  11 PagesThe United States has for over two centuries been involved in the growing world economy. While the U.S. post revolutionary war sought to protect itself from outside influences has since the great depression and world war two looked to break trade restrictions. The United States role in the global economy has grown throughout the 20th century and as a result of several historical events has adopted positio ns of both benefactor and dependent. The United States trade policy has over time shifted fromRead MoreMacroeconomic Variables Of The United States Economy Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States economy is improving slowly, but surely. With the recent struggles in China, one would think that the United States economy would be affected, but it has not shown any signs of changes yet. The United States has the world’s largest national economy. Many other countries use the US dollar as their currency, making the U.S. dollar the â€Å"most used currency in international transactions†. The United States has a mixed economy, which also means capitalism or a market system. A marketRead MoreSecession Of The Texas Economy966 Words   |  4 Pagessociety with so many disagreements between the state and federal government going on the thought crosses some Texans minds about secession. The movement, headed by the Texas Nationalist Movement and the Tea Party, is seeking t o remove the state from the union and institute Texas as a new country. Many questions arise over the topic of secession covering topics such as economy, currency, population, and if Texas would be helped or hurt by leaving the United States federal government behind. It has been shownRead MoreThe Great Recession Of 20081691 Words   |  7 PagesStefanos Lazaridis Professor Demiray Economics 200 October 18, 2015 Great Recession of 2008 The Great Recession in 2008 led to a huge crisis in the United States economy. 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According to a report published by the National Foundation for American Policy, immigrants have founded more than half of America’s billion-dollar startup companies. This report studied 87 United States startup companies valued at

Plagiarism And The Substance And Context Of Academic...

This paper reviews journal articles on plagiarism and explores the substance and context of academic dishonesty, including self-plagiarism, the nature of plagiarism and how it is perceived by students and faculty. Moreover, how serious of a problem plagiarism really is and why students feel it necessary to cheat. It researches the challenges presented by the huge quantity of information available over the internet. This report also reviews faculty views on academic dishonesty and the many disagreements surrounding what constitutes blatant plagiarism versus unintentional cheating. Also, which disciplinary actions are in the highest degree appropriate. It is concluded that plagiarism is an ongoing problem. Students cheat for many reasons, from lack of knowledge to laziness. It is likewise found that faculty may share the same laze fair attitude as students when they rely on software alone to investigate plagiarism. Surprisingly, some may choose not to evaluate or address the topic altogether or even to assess what their pupils know so that they may prepare accordingly. This report will provide suggestions to teach students how to avoid plagiarism. It will also propose constructive strategies for the prevention of piracy to include education along with faculty and student accountability. Keywords: plagiarism, internet, student perceptions, faculty perceptions, academic dishonesty, strategies Plagiarism Many students regard plagiarism as a harmless form of â€Å"borrowing†Show MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesï » ¿Plagiarism Bibliography Buckwalter, J. A., Wright, T., Mogoanta, L. and Alman, B. (2012), Plagiarism: An assault on the integrity of scientific research. J. Orthop. Res., 30:  1867 1868. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D. (2007). Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 293-306. Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50):Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesissues. McAuley et al. helps student and managers understand organizational performance without having to go through extensive reading. It deepens their understanding of issues with which they are confronted in practice, by putting them into a larger context. This book really helps students and managers to become wiser. Professor Renà © Tissen, Nyenrode Business University, The Netherlands This book will appeal to the student who seeks a thorough and critical understanding of organization theory. It isRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesin the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 ChapterRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesmust recognize the viewpoints of three key players: the company, the industry, and society. Since these three groups almost always have different needs and wants, ethical conflicts are likely to arise. Ethical conflicts in marketing arise in two contexts : First, when there is a difference between the needs of the three aforementioned groups ( the company, the industry, and society) a conflict may arise. Second and ethical conflict may arise when one’s personal values conflict with the organization

Mother American Films and Mom Free Essays

I think the most important person in my life is my mother. The reason why I chose my mother is because she is really all I have, she is my motivation, and she helps me live through all my struggles. I wouldna t be able now to enjoy this minute of my life writing this essay without my mother. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother: American Films and Mom or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mother has brought me to this wonderful world. For nine months she carried me, she felt very bad, but did not refuse, and gave birth to me. Looking back, my mom is the most positive and important influence on my life. Ia ve been mentioning my mom, in almost every essay I write. But I really cana t express how much I love her, in just words. My mom is a really big part of me, and shea s the person who influences and inspires me. I cana t imagine my life without her. What would I do I dona t know. Ia ve learned how to love her, since I met her for the first time. And I will always love her. She is everything for me. She always protects me and always supports me. She is always with me, when Ia happy and when Ia m sad. She helps me with hard problems in my life, and she is glad for some good things I do. She helped me from the first, day I was born. She fed me; she didna t sleep for many nights, only to make me comfortable. She went for walks with me, and was always with me. From the first grade of my school, she helped me with my homework; she taught me how to behave. I am who I am, because of my mom. She always tries to make me a better person. From childhood, she hired a piano and chess teacher for me. She bought a lot of books for me to read. She bought some intellectual games and that kind of stuff. Sometimes I didna t like my piano lessons. But I still didna t tell that to my mom, because I didna t want her to be sad. I study hard to make her happy. I want her to be proud of me. I want her to feel, as I am the best child in the world, and as she is the best mom. I do everything for that. I behave myself very good in school, I dona fight and I obey the rules. She always supports me for my goals and ambitions, and thata s the key in pursuing my dream. And what makes my mother the most important individual in my life aside from those that I have mentioned? It is the fact that even though how many times we fight, and even if I am not the best child she could ever have, she always makes me feel that I am the best gift she ever received from God. If I would have a chance to be born again, I would have chosen to be again her c hi How to cite Mother: American Films and Mom, Essay examples

Mother American Films and Mom Free Essays

I think the most important person in my life is my mother. The reason why I chose my mother is because she is really all I have, she is my motivation, and she helps me live through all my struggles. I wouldna t be able now to enjoy this minute of my life writing this essay without my mother. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother: American Films and Mom or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mother has brought me to this wonderful world. For nine months she carried me, she felt very bad, but did not refuse, and gave birth to me. Looking back, my mom is the most positive and important influence on my life. Ia ve been mentioning my mom, in almost every essay I write. But I really cana t express how much I love her, in just words. My mom is a really big part of me, and shea s the person who influences and inspires me. I cana t imagine my life without her. What would I do I dona t know. Ia ve learned how to love her, since I met her for the first time. And I will always love her. She is everything for me. She always protects me and always supports me. She is always with me, when Ia happy and when Ia m sad. She helps me with hard problems in my life, and she is glad for some good things I do. She helped me from the first, day I was born. She fed me; she didna t sleep for many nights, only to make me comfortable. She went for walks with me, and was always with me. From the first grade of my school, she helped me with my homework; she taught me how to behave. I am who I am, because of my mom. She always tries to make me a better person. From childhood, she hired a piano and chess teacher for me. She bought a lot of books for me to read. She bought some intellectual games and that kind of stuff. Sometimes I didna t like my piano lessons. But I still didna t tell that to my mom, because I didna t want her to be sad. I study hard to make her happy. I want her to be proud of me. I want her to feel, as I am the best child in the world, and as she is the best mom. I do everything for that. I behave myself very good in school, I dona fight and I obey the rules. She always supports me for my goals and ambitions, and thata s the key in pursuing my dream. And what makes my mother the most important individual in my life aside from those that I have mentioned? It is the fact that even though how many times we fight, and even if I am not the best child she could ever have, she always makes me feel that I am the best gift she ever received from God. If I would have a chance to be born again, I would have chosen to be again her c hi How to cite Mother: American Films and Mom, Essay examples

Water Pollution in Vietnam Essay Example

Water Pollution in Vietnam Paper With the rapid growth of industrialization in urban cities, the water around them is getting more and more polluted. One time casually crossed by To Lick River, one of the big rivers in the capital Hanoi, behind the industrial zone. The river water there was polluted seriously and smelt really fetid. A lot of small fishes and other sea creatures were dead and floating on the surface of the river. I was thinking about how people could live near such a polluted environment and eat those poison fishes. They might be in danger. I then topped thinking and went away because that smell made me nauseated. That was the ordeal. However, the rapid growth of industrialization is not the only cause that leads to water pollution in Hanoi; climate changes and using old-dated technology to treat water also impact significantly on the quality of water. Water pollution has left huge problems in Hanoi. Above all, it affects heath negatively because the polluted water sources may produce an increase in disease such as respiratory diseases, water-borne diseases and intestinal sickness among people who live near that polluted environment. Yet, it also affects other economic activities such as agriculture, aquatic sports, fishery and tourism; and threatens the ecosystem. If water pollution gets more serious in the future, it is going to affect the development of economy and society. So, my motivation for doing this research is that I want people to be aware of how serious this issue in Hanoi by presenting some problems regarding to water pollution that Hanoi; besides, I also present some programs or solutions, both effectively and ineffectively, which Hanoi authorities has carried out. First of all, Hanoi is big city with the rapid growth of industrialization. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution in Vietnam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution in Vietnam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution in Vietnam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, this growth has produced a big problem concerning water pollution. Hanoi is listed among ten cities in the world with the highest level of water pollution (â€Å"Health and Environment: Vietnam to Spend† par. 4). The problem is showed clearly in the article â€Å"Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in River Water of Hanoi, Vietnam Using Multivariate analyses† written by Chichi et al. According to the authors, high concentrations of several toxic heavy metals such as Cd, As, Cue, Zen, BP are detected in the water of Nine River and one of its tributaries, the To Lick River, in Hanoi. It is caused by untreated domestic and industrial wastewater charged into the rivers from the factories of mechanical engineering rubber, soap, tobacco, paper and metal located along these rivers. Relating to the problem that stated above, another researcher claims that Hanoi is facing the threat of arsenic pollution originated from underground water, rivers water, ponds water and lakes water. The concentrations of arsenic in the river significantly exceeded the Vietnamese drink king water standard for arsenic (Bang et al 466). According to â€Å"Rural people provided with water filters to prevent arsenic poisoning†, up to 21 percent Of Vietnamese population are exposed to arsenic in drinking water at a level above the acceptable 1 Poop (or 0. 01 MGM of arsenic per liter) recommended by the World Health Organization. Water containing arsenic at high level would cause many serious disease including skin cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, inborn deformities. Besides industrialization, climate change is also one of the causes resulting in water pollution. According to â€Å"Seminar seeks solutions†, the elements of climate changes are changes in temperature, water flows, the transformation of pollutant at catchments and rising sea levels. These changes affect the eater quality significantly. To cope with this problem, â€Å"Hanoi, December 23 (VAN) The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on December 23 held a seminar discussing climate changes impacts on water resources in Vietnam and measures to reduce water pollution and maintain aquatic ecosystems† (â€Å"Seminar seeks solutions† par. 1). Dry. Dang HTH Lana Hung from the Department of Water Resources Management states â€Å"Vietnam should consider recommendations issued by the US in its global climate change research programs to timely deal with climate changes impacts on water resources† (CTD in â€Å"Seminar’ par. 3). According to Hung, the country should creates water management policies so as to use water resources effectively and efficiently and should study methods to treat and reuse Wastewater and desalinate sea water along with improving a legal framework for water management and distribution. Water pollution doesn’t only happen in urban centers, but also happens in craft villages in Hanoi. The main cause leading to water pollution in craft villages is that traditional craft villages still currently use old-fashioned technology, causing water pollution and harm the human health. The water around there has been seriously polluted. The latest survey by the Hanoi University of Technology showed that 100% of the samples of wastewater from craft villages have excessive contents of toxic chemicals than the permitted levels† (â€Å"Health and Environment Vietnam Hanoi† par. 1 1). In the craft villages, the number of people with serious diseases like cancer has risen in recent years. The city has carried out a lot of big projects on water treatment system for craft villages with the capacity of 1 cubic meters per day (â€Å"Heath and Environment Vietnam Hanoi† par. 7). Yet, to deal with this problem, â€Å"Professor Dry Dang Kim Chi, Chair of the Vietnam Association for Environment Protection, stressed that local authorities should program craft villages development and demand to strictly follow the environment protection rules, rather than gathering strength on settling consequences† (CTD. N â€Å"Health and Environment Vietnam Hanoi† par. 8). Also, Hanoi planned to carry out 35 from now until 2015 period for solving water pollution problem in craft villages in Hanoi. Nevertheless, those are not still proper solutions so far. Water pollution problems solving has still been a big question in craft villages to Hanoi authorities. To deal tit arsenic pollution, â€Å"some communes of northern Ha Name province have been provided with free-of-charge water filters to reduce the risk Of arsenic poisoning for the local population† (â€Å"Rural people†). The filters are set up to remove toxins and retain useful mineral. The project was processed by â€Å"The National Centre for Safe Water and Environmental Hygiene with the assistance from the United Nations Children Fund (EUNICE) in coordination with the HCI Ltd. Co, a Swiss invested company in Vietnam specializing in water treatment technologies† (Rural people). That helps reduce significant amount of arsenic in water. The same problems concerning water pollution have also happened in other cities in Vietnam. The authorities have attempted to fix those problems. In Quant Name, a province in the middle of Vietnam, a seminar was held on March 25, 2009 in support of water pollution control project (â€Å"Seminar seeks to improve† par. 1 The project would be implemented in the central Quant Name and some provinces in the North. The project spent 330,000 USED to carry out with funding assistance from World Banks Institutional Development Fund (WIBNI). Environmental experts presented the important role of the media and local communities in support f water pollution control in Vietnam m. Another solution for water pollution control is the cooperation with another country. According to â€Å"Vietnam, Mexico to raise cooperation in land management, water resources†, Ministers Of the Environment and Natural Resources of Vietnam and Mexico had a meeting on the sidelines of united Nation Climate Change Conference, held in Mexico. During the meeting, both minister agreed that this cooperation between two countries would contribute to international efforts in managing water resources, protecting the environment and decreasing negative impacts of global climate changes (â€Å"Vietnam, Mexico† par. ). Another cooperative project concerning water pollution control was created by the Ho Chi Mini City University of Technology (HOCUS), Thailand-based Asian Institute of Technology (TIT) and the Institute National des Sciences Applied uses (INS) in France (â€Å"Vietnam has potential† par . 3). This project focused on developing local technical and research skills to promote membrane-based wastewater reuse activities in the country. The principle in membrane technology is the forced selective passage of solute or solvents through special membranes, resulting in separation of individual constituents in the influent. This project was coordinated by local authorities and nation government authorities and gave good results with treated water in some industrial zone in the South. The above studies show that Hanoi as well as other cities in Vietnam is facing serious threats from the polluted water sources caused by industrialization, old-dated technologies and climate changes. Among above causes, industrialization is the leading cause of water pollution. The factories which located along rivers have discharged untreated industrial wastewater into the rivers. It creates the high level of water elution by heavy metal and arsenic, which affect health negatively. Moreover, the traditional craft villages still currently use old-fashioned technologies to treat wastewater. The elements Of climate changes such as changes in temperature, water flows and rising sea levels affect the water quality significantly. Water pollution has left huge problems. It affects health negatively by causing many serious disease including respiratory disease, water-borne disease, intestinal sickness, skin cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer. In addition, it threatens the ecosystem and other economic activities such as agriculture, as attic sports, fishery and tourism. Vietnam authorities have attempted to find out the solutions to solve these problems. Vietnam carried out a lot of projects in coordination with foreign companies such as Swiss invested company to specialize in water treatment technologies with funding assistance from EUNICE. Another project was created by HOCUS, TIT, INS in France. Vietnam also received funding assistance from WIBNI. Furthermore, Vietnam cooperated with Mexico in managing water resources and decreasing negative impacts of global climate changes. However, those solutions are not enough to decrease the level of water elution significantly. In my opinion, needs to make more efforts on solving this problem by reinforcing and revising Law on Environmental Protection and Development. These laws should restrict the industrial factories from discharging untreated wastewater into rivers.

The Origins of Afro-Caribbean Dance essays

The Origins of Afro-Caribbean Dance essays All forms of Afro-Caribbean dance have their roots in Africa. In the 15th to 18th century when the slaves were being brought over to America from Africa, they were mostly gathered from the western coast of North Senegal and South Angola. The reasons for most of them coming from this region is because the European traders thought it easier and less expensive to transport slaves from the west coast of Africa. It was impractical to take slaves from the east side of the continent because of the high mortality rates. The Goree Island, which is right off the shore of Senegal, was a holding place for the slaves, before they made their long journey to their final destinations. It was here that many of the diverse cultures seemed to have merged and later formed what would become different aspects of Afro-Caribbean dance. For example, the Woulousodong is a dance of the Wolorf people in Senegal. One of this dance's different interpretations, when learned in America, is that the movements represented those of the slaves while they walked up the gang plank. The African explanation tells us the movements signify adolescents breaking away from their parents' household and taking on new responsibilities. This is one instance where the interpretation of African dance has changed oversea. The meaning of the dance now became the experience of the people, as a whole. The one thing that they had in common was the slave trade, so many of the earlier forms of these dances reflected that experience. As these slaves began to settle in different countries, the emergence of a more cultural specific dance for started to form. Yet these new forms of dance still had strong African roots. For example, many of the slaves brought to Brazil, Haiti and Cuba were Yoruba-speaking people from southwest Nigeria. They worshipped more than 400 gods, which are still worshipped today. No doubt, they brought their religious practic ...

The Brezhnev Doctrine

The Brezhnev Doctrine The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet foreign policy outlined in 1968 which called for the use of Warsaw Pact (but Russian-dominated) troops to intervene in any Eastern Bloc nation which was seen to compromise communist rule and Soviet domination. It could be doing this either by trying to leave the Soviet sphere of influence or even moderate its policies rather than stay in the small parameters allowed to them by Russia. The Doctrine was seen clearly in the Soviet crushing of the Prague Spring movement in Czechoslovakia which caused it to be first outlined. Origins of the Brezhnev Doctrine When the forces of Stalin and the Soviet Union fought Nazi Germany west across the European continent, the Soviets did not liberate the countries, like Poland, which were in the way; they conquered them. After the war, the Soviet Union made sure these nations had states who would largely do what they were told by Russia, and the Soviets created the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance between these nations, to counter NATO. Berlin had a wall across it, other areas had no less subtle instruments of control, and the Cold War set two halves of the world against each other (there was a small non-aligned movement). However, the satellites states began to evolve as the forties, fifties and sixties passed by, with a new generation taking control, with new ideas and often less interest in the Soviet empire. Slowly, the Eastern Bloc began to go in different directions, and for a brief time it looked like these nations would assert, if not independence, then a different character. The Prague Spring Russia, crucially, did not approve of this  and worked to stop it. The Brezhnev Doctrine is the moment Soviet policy went from verbal to outright physical threats, the moment the USSR said it would invade anyone who stepped out of its line. It came during Czechoslovakias Prague Spring, a moment when (relative) freedom was in the air, if only briefly. Brezhnev described his response in a speech outlining the Brezhnev Doctrine: ...each Communist party is responsible not only to its own people, but also to all the socialist countries, to the entire Communist movement. Whoever forgets this, in stressing only the independence of the Communist party, becomes one ­ sided. He deviates from his international duty...Discharging their internationalist duty toward the fraternal peoples of Czechoslovakia and defending their own socialist gains, the U.S.S.R. and the other socialist states had to act decisively and they did act against the anti-socialist forces in Czechoslovakia. Aftermath The term was used by the Western media and not by Brezhnev or the USSR itself. The Prague Spring was neutralized, and the Eastern Bloc was under the explicit threat of Soviet attack, as opposed to the previous implicit one. As far as Cold War policies go, the Brezhnev Doctrine was entirely successful, keeping a lid on Eastern Bloc affairs until Russia gave in and ended the Cold War, at which point Eastern Europe rushed to assert itself once more.

Strategic Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Leadership - Assignment Example The tactical implementation plan is as important as the strategic plan because it takes the vision and strategy to the point of contact.† The author likens Sun Tzu’s leadership with the European strategist, Captain Johnstone, wrote mention in his 1916 research that one must fight the enemy to uncover the enemy’s weaknesses. With the initial proving attacks, the army can engineer the main decisive attack based on the outcome of the initial attack advances. The tentative attack should not be classified as a separate attack but s part and parcel of the main attack. The initial attack is classified as the beginning of the war. Sun Tzu’s attack formation can include a surprise attack on the enemy’s seemingly formidable front to learn the true shape, and strength of the enemy’s forces. With the most suitable war strategy, the battle is 50 percent won; the strategy succeeds only with professional execution of tactics Machiavelli. In terms of Machiave lli, Maurizio Viroli2 emphasized Machiavelli focused on national interest and military objects in the war implementing several war principles. ... military resistance against absolutism.† The formidable army of Machiavelli showed strong dominance of the political as well as European military environment The strong message of the Machiavelli’s Republican patriotism is a very clear sign to re-emphasize, against the politics of the moderns, in relation to the political efforts of its leaders, also known as the politics of the ancients. Machiavellian politics shows that the word Patria is another word to mean Machiavelli republic. Machiavelli’s government is grounded on a self-governing community of individuals snugly staying together within the justice terms of the law. The Machiavelli government implements rule law, which incorporates patriotism. Clauseritz. In terms of Clauseritz, Tiha Ghyczy3 insists the conduct of war includes the important planning stage. The author states that â€Å"were this combat a single act, there would be no need for further subdivision. But combat consists of a greater or lesser n umber of individual acts, each complete in itself, which we call engagements, which constitute new things. This gives rise to an entirely different activity, namely, individually planning and conducting these engagements and joining them together to achieve the objective of the war.† The quote clearly shows that that it includes the important tactics in the governance of the constituents. Likewise, the tactics includes the many advantages of implementing a well engineered war and government strategy. The segregation of the government’s act to divide the planning stage into both the tactics and strategy is now quite a common- lace in occurrence. All individuals are reasonably sure where to classify a specific factor without necessarily taking considerable notice of the reasons underlying such

Applying E-Commerce in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Applying E-Commerce in business - Essay Example They can also use a variety of platforms to access these services example: mobiles, laptops and desktop computers. This infrastructure contains universal standards and is globally reachable. It is rich in diversity and accommodates videos, audios and text messaging. They enable firms to host live conferences, instant messaging (IM), file transferring and text based live chat across the globe. E-commerce infrastructure enables effective interacting between clients in multi stratums including consumers, producers and vendors. It decreases the cost and increases the quality of business transactions. It allows clients to customize and personalize the services according to the requirements of different parties (Turban, et. al, 2012). E-commerce generates a number of economic benefits to the businesses due to the above characteristics such as decreasing cost, increasing richness in communication, expanding market and enhancing customer relations. The cost of travelling to market place is s aved and the physical presence is no longer required for bargaining in virtual markets. Videos, audios, pictures and graphics used in virtual markets can simulate the real shopping experience to buyers. Market of the modern day business has expanded widely across the globe. It is not constrained by country borders, racial, religious, language and ethnicity based differences. It does not involve rigid time zones. Billions of potential consumers and various producers can meet in virtual market places. Consumer becomes a co-participant in marketing process. Hence the products can be customized according to individual preferences unlike in traditional marketing methods (Turban, et. al, 2012). It can be converged with contemporary trends in Information Technologies such as cloud computing. Benefits of Cloud computing for E-Commerce Based on the predicting analyses by Nelson (2010) it is forecasted that 80% proportion of total E-commerce in the world will be taken over by cloud computing within 10 years. Processing of payments using the internet and the webs involve identification of transaction ID, customer name, dollar amount, date/time of transaction and status of the payment. All these can be converged in â€Å"cloud† infrastructure at a comparatively lower cost and a higher efficiency (Knowledge Center, 2011). Hence cloud computing depicts the potential growth of E-commerce as well. According to the definition of Mell, and Grance (2011), â€Å"cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction† (p.2). The above definition contains a number of characteristics of E-commerce infrastructure. Economic characteristics of cloud computing are as follows. On-demand self-service involves utility base d access to the cloud without involving of human component for providing the service each time a customer needs it. Broad network provides heterogeneous platforms. Resource pooling allows aggregating the storage, memory, processing capacity and network bandwidth of idle computers across the globe and a number of customers who are unaware of the specific location where the service is provided from. Rapid elasticity involves immediately and unlimitedly providing the services while ensuring its availability, accessibility and

The Advanced Construction And Building Technology Construction Essay

The Advanced Construction And Building Technology Construction Essay In decades, the conventional construction industry has been considered as a labour-intensive, low-tech industry with low productivity. It seems construction sector has been left behind by technologies innovations and sciences developments that have already reshaped many other industrial sectors. Construction industry facing challenges to responds to change technical, economic and social conditions, there is an increasing need of changing construction technique, communication and management strategy within the sector. Mass production and automation was introduced in the early twentieth century. It was a method of producing products in large quantities with relatively low cost. The product were produced in many different components and assembled into a finish product through an assembly line, the approach of this method has reshaped manufacturing industry especially in the sector of automobile, aircraft, train etc. it has proved that automation is the key to increase productivity. Industrialized construction (modular, panelised, sub-assemblies etc.) became popular during the post-war period, due to the huge demand in housing. Because of the nature of the concept, instead of adopting automation technology to traditional construction methods, there is a potential opportunity to integrate and apply manufacturing technology to enable a revolutionary change in construction sector in terms of design, production and management. The aim of this paper intends to discover and recognise the opportunities and challenges that advanced technology and modern manufacturing process offer to the industrialized construction sector, and how would the sector to embrace automation and enhance the way its operate, along with the introduce of a integrated management system from manufacturing industry. The paper will also provide an overview of the issues and difficulties the industry will face during introducing new technology innovations and adopting advanced automated production process into construction sector. Introduction Challenges emerged and changes need to be made within construction sector due to the changes in global phenomenon, economic, science and technology. There is a need for construction industry to improve its productivity, quality and flexibility, along with requirement to adapt technologies and management methods of other manufacturing industry. The formation of off-site construction sector has the advantages to adapting technologies directly from manufacturing sectors which support the principles of mass production and customization. Off-site construction methods can easily provide an efficient design and management process to allow customized products at mass production prices with a better quality, so that an entire building will be no longer constructed with conventional methods but to be produced as a product. There are numerous advantages of using off-site construction methods. As the production process is carried out in a factory environment which provides better communication between clients, designers and engineers, to ensure high quality standards, increase the speed of production as well as minimise impact on the environment by eliminating wastes. In recent years, there is a growing interest in the area of adopting automation technologies to construction and many building systems have been developed by implementing robotic technology to assist both on-site and off-site activities. The principle of future automated construction is to create a highly efficient automated system and to produce a customer orientated product, which involves apply advanced technologies both off-site and on-site, new design methods will be launched to develop of a new building systems, customized software and different management approach will be integrated in manufacturing process. Development of integrated construction automation and robotics building processes will assist component producing process and onsite construction. Life cycle of a building will be increased by use of new materials and new definition of building construction. However, in order to optimise the use of automated construction methods, it is important that design concept is compatible with technology available. It is necessary that research and development (RD) sector plays a very important role in terms of select and discover available approach for manufacturing methods. While designers and engineers need to apply the concept of automation whereby adjusting the design to fit production as a result the structural, functional, and the flexibility of the building could be implemented. Under one roof Design method evolution The goal of Industrialised building construction is to establish a new method of producing a per-engineered product rather than building in conventional method. Finished design is completed by a group of assembled components. A building will be no longer to be designed as a whole but developed as a range of components and accessories. The changing of design process results in the changes of practices. Traditional building design methods will be challenged by automated design methods. From the success of other manufacture industry has shown the benefit of using automated production methods. Building product development stage will be a systematic process; building system will be designed with flexibility of using robotic erection. Compare to conventional method, Designers will be increasingly relying on using CAD system and assisted with other technologies such as virtual reality system (VR). Virtual reality system creates a computer- simulated environment, which enables a physical presence, interaction with real environment. Client assisted by the system enable the simulation of the design process. An on-line virtual tool provides a selection of components; simulate real-time designing and environment, then client can import selected 3D design elements such as window, doors, roof into the system, to enable designer to gain a good perception of the project, the use of computer simul ated tool in conjunction with automated data collection tool to schedule and manage the project. The cost, design, material usage and assembling specification of the project can be generated automatically. In the past two decade, Automobile industry has benefited from using Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) the system has not only changed the productivity of automobile manufacturing but also defined the concept of customer oriented product concept. While the construction industry still based on labour intense type of work, there is a need for automating building process, thus an improved productivity, quality and better working environment could be achieved. Overview of Industrialised building system (mainly on residential housing sector) Nowadays, with housing stock market reaches highest demands in many countries, take UK for example, government aiming to build 50,000 units a year to fill the gap, however, if just rely on conventional methods this target is unlikely to meet. Thus, sustainable and modern design approaches became more and more crucial. Highly industrialized building method (modular, panelised, sub-assemblies etc.) has been wildly accepted and recommended. Factory manufactured homes (prefab homes) are transported on site sim-finished, which may only take days or even hours to complete, while in traditional construction method, homes are built from tons of basic materials using on-site labor and technique, which cost more and take longer to finish build. Advanced technology and automation in manufacturing industry has set up a successful example to construction industry. Due to the uniqueness of construction process, it is difficult to adopt automation techniques from other manufacturing sector directly . The advanced manufacturing methods which chosen have to be amended then integrated gradually into construction process. Compared with traditional methods of construction, the advantages that prefab offers shown as below: Reduce labor costs, for example, to build a small family house in England, client expect to pay up to  £250 a day to cover contractors and builders cost, this not even including costs of materials and equipments, also weather condition could effect on speed of on-site construction, as in extremely cold or damp condition, mortar will take longer to set due to frost, and one coat of plaster could take up to a day to set, this will slow down speed of construction dramatically and increase costs of labour. In comparison, off-site construction has most of their role carried out in factory environment with tight quality control and completely weather proof, specialist worker will produce building components at maximum efficiency. Reduce material costs; normally, client or contractor will have to set up an account with local building merchants and price charged is depending on the amount of material purchased. On the other hand, off-site manufactures whose order certain material in bulk directly from suppliers will normally receive better prices. Environmental friendly, as most components is produced off-site and ready for on-site assembly, it will reduce the amount of waste during on-site construction, Many prefab components are made of recyclable material and the building is to be designed more energy efficient. Prefab building is not something new, but it was once re-homed tens of thousands families in Britain after the Second World War. However after decades, prefab housing has not been as marketable as traditional housing. There are numbers of barriers and disadvantages of using such system have also occurred in several cases. Design limitations, while a prefab wall component are designed for a flat roof to sit on, and then it is unsuitable for it to be adapted for a different roof design. Components are manufactured in huge quantity, if there is a fault appeared on one, and then the same issue could be found on all. This could lead to unnecessary time waste. Lack of individuality, has shown on many post-war off-site designs. Even today, most off-site designed home is virtually same as traditionally built house, they are often been treated as lower-grade or temporary shelter by the general public. Skill shortage, builders and contractors are not familiar with the system, so on-site assembly will be carried out by factory engineers and specially trained labor, this would reduce the need of employ local contractors and cost local labor market. Despite the disadvantages of modular system, industrialized construction attribute vast numbers of benefits, there is a potential opportunity of future prefab building industry to adopt advantages and reassess the disadvantages , developing new prefab techniques and materials to provide a better performed building system. Prefab System Performance In many countries, such as Japan, Germany, manufacturers are reinventing the process of home construction by adopting assembly line automation methods to achieve mass production. A number of new construction materials are starting to be used as components in prefab housing. Such as, structural insulated panels (SIPs) and insulating concrete forms (ICFs). There are systems developed by using prefab technique, include prefab foundation systems, steel framing, concrete framing, large-modular systems, and so on. Prefab Foundation system Due to different site condition, different Materials, drainage system and engineered structural support could be applied. Initially, in house designers and engineer teams will exam soil type, contamination hazards of the site, and other critical natural elements of the given location, such as flood hazard zone, or seismic area, once all data is collected and appropriate system will be finalized, the chosen system needs to be designed subject to local building regulation requirement and to be reviewed by local authorities over construction period both off-site and on-site. The system is designed and manufactured as prefabricated components with consideration of drainage system used and complete integrated service installation points. Furthermore, according to different type of floor chassis system used, connection devise and method maybe vary, such as direct fastening system, direct bolting system, or welding system. Once the site is ready, the foundation components will be delivered onsite and drop in to the footing or trenches while connecting with service point. Panelised Wall Floor and Roof systems Panels can be produced in an automated factory environment, using computer program that transfers panel-cutting instructions directly from digital CAD (computer aided design) drawings. The finished product will be inspected and then transport on to jobsite. There are many types of panelised system available, such as light gauge steel, insulating concrete forms (ICFs), aluminum concrete and fiberglass components. They are consist of pre-engineered panels, factory manufactured, that will be erected on site to form a structural envelop. The most common, Structural insulated panel (SIPs) which consist of an insulating layer of rigid polymer foam sandwiched between two layers of structural board, offering superior insulation, structural capacity. SIPs are durable, light in weight and dimensionally stable. The system will significantly simplify on-site farming and reduce the risk of health and safety issues occurred from on-site construction. Compare with other modular system, SIPs provide more flexibility in terms of design, complicated shapes can be produced with considerably low price. Structurally, SIPs wall panel is deceptively strong, which could perform as load-bearing wall, roof structure, as well as internal dividing wall. Due to the exceptional load-bearing performance of the wall panel means variety of floor systems could be utilized. Compare with conventional wood framing technique, SIPs offer a dense, uniform and continuous air barrier with few thermal bridges, and little opportunity for internal convection, therefore less air leaks and reduce condensation occurred by cold bridging. Eco-joists are one of the best flooring system for SIPs structure, they are consist of parallel stress grade timber overhangs connected with V shaped galvanised steel webs. They share the same advantages as SIPs, they are pre engineered, designed and manufactured according to deferent loads requested by the project. The systems are lightweight and easy to handle on site, in addition all services such as electrical cables and waste pipes and ventilation dust could easily install between the open webs. Meanwhile, roof construction could achieve maximum useable space by using SIPs, because there will be no requirement of roof trusses going across loft space, and it offers continuous insulation to increase energy performance. As a result, combination of these two systems provides an excellent sample of advantages of using prefabricated components in modern construction. Lifecycle of the Prefab system Product orientated design Firstly, building will be marketed as a product rather than a traditional building. To be able produce them in large quantities with relatively low cost, the key is to mass produce, but with infinite personal taste, the combination of mass production and personal taste is mass customization, to give customer choices but within a manageable range. This will keep manufacturing processes sample and economies of scale can be implemented. For example, car manufacturers allow customer to choose the colour and certain specifications of a car model. However, customers are unable to specify the colour of the steering wheel, and design of the seats, even if it is achievable. Future prefab system will be designed to be more flexible; while components can be mountable and de-mountable for reuse. Proposed building site will be assisted by construction robots with little human intervention on site. The development of prefabrication in construction sector has demonstrated it is possible to adopt manufacturing technique into construction process and to achieve automation. Prefab building process will adopt an automated system in terms of, design, engineering, and construction, which means future construction process will proceed in an automated manner. For example, customer could pick different colours of wall finish and flooring or kitchen and bathroom pods from a product catalogue to fit into a standard floor plan, just like buying a car with choices of different body paint and interior accessories. The main building components will be mass produced such as wall and floor panels, and accessories such as different designs of kitchen pods to be produced only w hen ordered, to allow parts arrive into production just when needed. A new joining, and installation method will be developed with consideration of later on-site installation; building component will operate systemically as well as interchangeable to maximize system performance and lifespan. While on-site, construction robots will perform multiple tasks to cope with variety of site conditions, robots will have sequence or digital controlled. Construction robots will interact with each other on-site; identify issues and automatically response to site personal such as, project manager. In case of technical failures, all building activities should be able to handle by works manually. The house has been designed flexible and adaptable to allow future alteration. To alter existing house, traditionally, clients have to seek professional help to carry out the building work or relocated to a different property. In contrast, due to the way that house been constructed, the internal and structural wall, roof and floor can be easily disassembly from existing structure and proposed components will be plug-in to form an improved floor layout or provide an additional accommodation to suit clients requirement. The dealer will provide data from their database to cover information from the time of construction on the materials used, floor plans, piping and electrical lines, etc. Client then can use these specifications to obtain quotations from the dealer or other service providers. Site visit and inspection will be carried out by the selected manufacturer, data collected and design requirements of the project will be incorporated by computer integrated construction (CIC) syste m, design specification and cost will be produced pro manufacturing. The fully automated construction process shall precede pro to the final approval from the client. Second hand housing market and renovation market will be fulfilled with a new definition, second hand house will be put on the market and buyer is no longer necessarily to relocate to where the house is. Second hand house will be dissembled and transported back to the factory for inspection and renewal; inspected components are finished off with new fittings and equipments. The building components will be transported to the new site, by using the same technique, the building will be reassembled and ready for the new owner to move in. The same concept also applied on to those clients who extremely emotionally touched with their beloved home, instead of ditch the old one, alternatively the house could be relocated wherever they go. The efficient, flexible and mass production concept of future prefab industry enable a niche market to emerge within the construction sector; a prefab house will be affordable to purchase but offer high degree of design, flexibility. Customer will engage in the design process which will give the project their personal taste, incorporate with the mythology of mass customization, and offer customer with more choices. The lifecycle of a building could be extended longer by reclaim and disassembly the existing structure. In addition, the future prefab industry has the potential to achieve automation in all construction phases. Strategy action of Future Prefab construction Standardization For achieving the requirement of prefab building mass production, all components need to be standardized for production. Similar to automobile industries, same parts might be produced and used on fabricate different model, consequently, materials can be utilized in the most efficient manner to produce wide range of standardized components, such as universal wall, floor and roof system. Then the usage of same production process, machinery, and skilled workers can be maximized then maximum productivity achieved. Specialization Mass production and standardized product allow a high degree of labor specialization with the production process. It is an opportunity to use single task robots to conduct specific rule repetitiously. In such working condition, automated technology could be applied and tested within the prefab construction sector. Integration In order to obtain an optimal result, a high degree of coordination must exist between various relevant parties such as designer, manufacturer, owner, and contractor. This is achieved through an integrated system in which all these functions are performed under a unified authority (1) Automation in future prefab construction industry Robotic industrial applications are very well established in the manufacturing industry, while there is a very limited influence on the construction sector. A number of benefits are anticipated from these automated systems, including improved construction productivity, to eliminate the dependence on labor, and improved safety and quality. The impact of this integrated automation approach is expected to be significant due to its high level of management between resources and processes, and well defined environment for information transfer. As a follow-up to this effort, several research issues need to be considered, including the design of materials handling systems which will maintain the efficiency of the automated building construction approach. In Japan, the success of the automobile industrys automated assembly plants, combined with the construction industrys worker shortage, has helped encourage the development of Japans automated and robotic construction operations. Although th e trend toward automation itself has produced some gains in productivity, the primary goal is to do a specific task with fewer people in a safer environment. (2) The need for automation in construction is clear; as most construction activities are repetitious, labor-intensive, and dangerous so that it is perfectly suitable for robot automation. T. Bock (2007) illustrated a robotic precast concrete panel factory that uses a multipurpose unit which allows flexible production of the concrete floor, wall and roof panels. Here, according to certain CAD data, a multi functional gantry type robotic unit with two vertical arms places magnetos on the steel production table. The unit also attaches shutters on top of the magneto and then places horizontal, vertical and triangular reinforcement bars, as per design. A CAD-CAM controlled concrete distributor spreads the right amount of concrete while controlled by a CAD layout plan, which takes into account installation, window or door opening. (3) Swedish company Randek has developed a number of high-performance position controlled systems for prefab house manufacturing. Those systems were developed similar to the manufacturing industry and were intended to perform routine task in on location. For instance, their latest wall, floor and roof production line system SF021 is developed to be a flexible system for effective production of insulated wall elements. Firstly, a framework is built with studs and top and bottom plates installed by using a CAD-CAM controlled nailing gun, and then wall sheet will be nailed in while the whole wall component is flipped over and ready for the next work station. Second step, the wall component will be insulated. The final stage, the insulated wall will be flipped upside down and another wall sheet to be nailed on to seal up the component. The wall component is completed and ready for site delivery. The whole process is computer controlled, and it is only require 3-4 operators to over see the op eration. In Japan, there are more than 85 present of the houses are prefabricated, several leading construction firms have developed fully automated system for manufacturing building components, such as Sekisui chemical, robots has played active roles at the production line. Robotic manipulators were used as assistants to human. This approach allows the robot to be less autonomous and technically simpler, needing only limited sensing abilities. According to this approach, the human performs the vital parts of the task, and the robot is used to expand the human physical limits. Such systems, of less autonomous performance, can be more easily adapted for assistance in a variety of building tasks. (4) Off-site production sequence may have successfully adopted automation concept, robots are capable of conduct many factory based roles such as handing heavy materials, and it has benefited construction industry greatly. On the other hand, robots still face many difficulties due to the dynamic nature of construction site and economical challenge. Construction industry has a variety combination of sectors and it has to cope with variety of circumstances on each project and site. In construction automation, the building also serves simultaneously as the work environment. Construction robots will face great challenges when cope with complexity of on-site tasks. To tackle this, single-task robots need to be designed not only to assist human but also interact with human and enhance the over all performance; robots with specific function will be programmed to work independently, such as on-site single-task robots will perform most of the assembling and heavy lifting roles, as well as problem solving and data collection roles. Single-task robots been designed for a factory systematic environment free-standing robots will be moving along a production line on wheels to complete production roles. While suspended robots usually have lifting mechanisms to help it move up and down. Mobile Robotic system also developed for material handing on-site. Personal interior finishing robot is developed to reduce human interaction. Engelbert westkà ¤mper et al (2000) developed a robotic system for the automatic laying of tiles within certain tolerances on prefabricated modules. The pilot work consisted of a tile laying system that consists of tile positioning equipment, a centering and measuring system and transport unit; a tile supply system consisting of a store and a measuring unit; system for generating process parameters; and handing and positioning system having industrial robot and process control. (5) Moreover, Neelamkavil,J (2009) have illustrated that single-task robots technology will progresses quickly through the development of human-robot cooperative (HRC) system, key technologies development such as motion generation, remote control ,operation control, and mobility, there will be more interaction between humans and robots in workplace, human and robot will assist each other and exchange forces on site. Construction Automation Construction automation system consists of four fundamental components; An on-site factory protected by an all-weather enclosure. an automated jacking system an automated material conveying system a centralized information control system These systems have followed manufacturing principle as well as using just-in-time principles for delivery of materials and bar coding for tracking and placing materials once delivered on-site. The numbers of single-task robots used depends upon the job. (6) SMART (Shimizu Manufacturing system by Advanced Robotics Technology) has demonstrated a computer integrated construction (CIC) approach, which realized the objectives on; automated production off-site, with robotic assembly on site, handing heavy components and interact with one another. It has also utilized automatic planning and construction site management technology, with using a computerized controlled system to monitoring building process on-site. The system has fully integrated industrial production methods with construction, where the theory of Just-in-time (JIT) and constancy could be realized throughout the construction process. (7) Economically, due to the high cost of developing such automation system has affect on the speed of putting robotic systems in to practice. The most development has been done by some leading construction practice supported by large numbers of research organization. For example, in Japan most of major construction companies has large amount of research budgets and in-house research department working closely with universities and other institutes. Without strong financial capability an automated construction site will be impossible to implement. Software and IT integration Automated construction processes are not only relying on software and IT technology, but also associated with other related technologies, such as data processing, and Virtual Reality technology. These technologies control of construction machines and improve the construction efficiency. But more importantly, software integration is crucial for implementing the concept of computer integrated construction (CIC), which will enable to integrate prefabrication design process, advanced planning and management methods through a software system to programming on site robots and simulate the construction process. Neelamkavil,J (2009) reported The EU Future Home projects, the projects have developed the AUTOMOD3 system- an automatic modular construction software environment, the system successfully integrated all stages of house-building construction process and automated construction methods in to a CAD program. Through using this program, each stage is simulated; from transfer 2D plan into 3 D model to onsite robotic assembly each task can be carried out automatically. The introduction of Computer aided design (CAD) has changed attitudes towards accuracy and efficiency within construction industry. The developments of newest software such as AutoDesks Revit Architecture, SolidWorks are an upgrade of traditional CAD-based software, which enables designer, engineers, constrictors to analysis each stage of the buildings lifecycle, from its concept stage to demolition and recycling, it will monitoring the whole building process. Through sharing information sources between key players within the company such as design data, financial data, legal data, and service layout, this will improve team communication and increase efficiency, constructability and ultimately predictability of all projects. Summary Construction industry facing challenges to responds to change technical, economic and social conditions, there is an increasing need of changing construction technique, communication and management strategy within the sector. This paper has explored the opportunities and challenges that advanced technology and modern manufacturing process offer to the construction sector, and illustrated few examples of how did the development of robotic technology is increasingly affecting the process of construction automation. The need for improved automation and productivity of the construction industry is clear. There are numbers of factors are needed to be stressed, and will affect on future implement; Change of construction methods, result in organizational revolution. Design practice, client communication, product development, on-site assembly, use of construction robots, project management, and software development issues are highlig

Emotional Marketing: Necessity of Today’s Marketing Management

The purpose of this paper is to write an analysis of an article that discusses an aspect of marketing management. During my research I was attracted to an article by James Cooper Titled, ‘Emotional Marketing as the Basis of Your Promotions’; after reading Coopers article I found Emotional Marketing to be interesting, but his article did not provide enough data to satisfy my interest in Emotional Marketing . So, rather than write about a single article, I have chosen to write about the topic of Emotional Marketing and its necessity in today’s Marketing Management. Marketing mangers must understand that if the consumers’ emotions are addressed in the right way they could get more loyal customers. This has unlashed the approach to marketing which was termed as â€Å"Emotional Marketing† (Drypen). Cooper points out that, â€Å"Marketing to today’s consumers is a challenging business because you are no longer listing the specifications of products and services. Instead you are meeting people on an emotional level to break into their consumer awareness†. As part of a company’s marketing strategy producers need to realize that there is a strong emotional connect between consumers / customers and the products they use. Brands that don't make emotional connections with their prospects and customers will eventually lose out to those that do. The practice of emotional marketing as it relates to value proposition is all about getting your target audience to connect with your product, service, and brand at a very basic and fundamental level – the level of emotions. When building customer value, emotional marketing can be used in influencing customer perceived value and total customer benefit. Some examples of firms that are successful in this application can be seen with top brands such as Starbucks, Porsche, and so on. These products and services make an emotional connection with the people they serve. They have met the challenge of identifying how its products/services can connect emotionally. They have explored what type of experience their product can offer its customers and the perceived value to customer above the firm’s competitors. Emotional marketing can only take place once the company delivers a user experience that represents its purpose. Once the company is able to deliver on that promise, it can market the experience to consumer prospects. Companies must leverage: customer testimonials, word-of-mouth, discussion forums, and trials (marketingscoop). Ideally the company wants its products or services to deliver an experience, and gets prospects to participate along with having the experience themselves. Emotional marketing is a powerful strategy if you can deliver a strong customer experience, thus, leveraging the experience to maximize customer satisfaction in the long run. On the other hand, there are the companies that use emotional marketing when customers are having a not so positive customer experience. These companies take advantage during times of crisis and turmoil. An example of this is appealing to the public during an epidemic or natural disaster and offering short term solutions. Many times the products or services offered are not even effective, nor do they provide the experience the customer desires. Furthermore, the customers’ negative experience is just the opportunity that some companies are looking for to capitalize on short run profit maximization. Leveraging emotional marketing can help in evaluating and selecting market segments to exploit. If and when the marketing/promotion appeals to the emotional aspects of customers the companies, in some cases, can move toward targeting a ‘supersegment’. For example, many symphony orchestras target people who have broad cultural interests, rather than those who only regularly attend concerts (Kotler & Keller pg 229). The product appeal is more toward a cultural or emotion interest rather than that of a physiological need. Emotion acts as a catalyst in the engine of the purchase decision process. Through experience and learning, people acquire attitudes. These in turn influence buying behavior (Kotler & Keller, pg 170). This is important since favorable and unfavorable experiences trigger emotional feeling toward a product or service being marketed. Cooper’s article, â€Å"Emotional Marketing as the Basis of Your Promotions† only touched on promotion of the product as it appeals to emotional marketing. After further research I found that emotional marketing throughout the marketing process is important in its application to: marketing strategy, customer value, target markets, brands, market segment, customer satisfaction and purchasing decisions. In conclusion, marketing managers must understand that costumers get attracted to products which effect there feelings. Companies which want to stand above the competition have to leverage emotional marketing so as to increase market share. Effective development in emotional marketing can shift a marketing challenger or market follower to position of market leader. Thus, making emotional marketing a necessity of today’s marketing management. References Cooper, J. , (Feb. 2008) Emotional Marketing As The Basis Of Your Promotions , Written for Marketinglinx. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. articlesbase. com/marketing-articles/emotional-marketing-as-the-basis-of-your-promotions-325335. tml Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. ,(2006), Marketing Management 13th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Drypen, (Nov. 2008),Emotional Marketing – to Play the Emotional Tune is the Necessity of Today's Marketing, written for Drypen. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. articlesbase. com/authors/drypen/73887. htm Unknow n, (2009), Making an Emotional Connection with Your Customers, written for marketingscoop. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. marketingscoop. com/emotional-marketing. htm

Gran Torino - Analytical Essay - 1060 Words

Analytical Essay - Gran Torino Sam Osborne Q. What kind of man is Walt Kowalski? Examine character development throughout the film Gran Torino? Clint Eastwood’s Gran Torino (2008) is a portrayal of human sacrifice and the racial intolerance that still exists in modern America. The film is set in a poor neighbourhood of Detroit. Clint Eastwood plays Walt Kowalski, a war veteran who has brooded over his experiences in the war for decades. Past trauma has caused him to believe that he cannot trust anyone, and he has therefore developed a deep racism. Eastwood uses many different techniques, including lighting, camera angles, and dialogue to show how the man Walt Kowalski develops throughout the film. Kowalski begins as an angry,†¦show more content†¦He then aims his gun at the gang, and drives them away. Kowalski says, â€Å"Get off my lawn†, and it is left ambiguous whether he is defending Thao’s family, or he simply just does not want anyone of a minority on his lawn. Once again, half of Kowalski’s face is shrouded by shadow, and at the same time the music reaches a climax, violins at an e xtremely high pitch, as if he is battling inner demons – whether to shoot or not. Eastwood compels the audience to think the Kowalski is a man struggling with his past, and that he can be volatile. Kowalski’s intolerance also finds its way into his relationship with his own family, specifically his relationship with his sons and their children. This is evident when one of his grandchildren, his son’s daughter asks, â€Å"So, what are you going to do with it [his car], when you, like, die†. This to Kowalski is exceedingly disrespectful, and makes him even more cynical and angry than he was before, as if proving him right that values are not as they should be. Kowalski also goes to the doctors, were he finds out that he has cancer. He then calls his son, trying to tell him. As Kowalski is struggling to say it, the camera pans over a photo of Kowalski and his wife, on their wedding day. Here, Eastwood indicated to the audience that Kowalski still misses his wife, and the past. It then shows Kowalski in the mirror, whilst on the phone. This shows that Kowalski is starting to reflect on his

Essay on Role of Minor Characters Within ‘a Doll House’

Role of Minor Characters within ‘A Doll House’ The role of minor characters in a play is generally to assist or influence the central characters. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, ‘A Doll House’, such minor characters exist, who can change the outcome of the play. Mrs. Linde, a childhood friend of Nora, the protagonist, highlights Nora’s childlike and egotistic state by contrasting it with Linde’s selfless and sensible character. She aids in the development of plot by introducing the idea of self-satisfaction to Nora, whose main function is to fulfill a women’s role in the household. Ultimately, Mrs. Linde can be identified as an important minor character because she aids in the change of plot and character development. To begin with, Linde†¦show more content†¦Secondly, when Linde confesses her love for Krogstad and her plans of being with him, Nora is greatly affected. Linde’s decision to be with Krogstad allows Nora to become aware of the true nature of her marriage. She becomes inspired by Linde’s independence and sense of self. Her decision of committing suicide changes to her departure from the home. This signifies the lies and deceit present in her marriage. As Linde and Nora converse, ‘â€Å"Nora-you must tell your husband everything.’†(Ibsen, 99) At this stage both Nora and Linde realize that this marriage is full of lies and deceit and it is impossible for either Nora or Helmer to continue on this path. Even though Nora could have prevented Torvald from reading the letter, she insisted upon it. Nora, after witnessing Helmer’s response, realized that there is nothing that can happen which will allow her to stay in the house anymore. This was greatly influenced by Linde’s influence upon Nora. Although it was Nora’s decision to leave Helmer, one can clearly see Linde’s words acted to enlighten Nora about the truth of her marriage which later lead to Nora’s departure. 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